Violencia / Violence (DCH)
No. 2023-07
Spanish Abstract: El tema de la violencia en el derecho canónico indiano de la temprana edad moderna se ubica en dos conjuntos de autores y obras. Por una parte, la violencia es tratada en cuanto repercute sobre el acto humano no solo en el plano moral de la libertad, sino también en sus efectos tocantes a la validez de los actos ejecutados bajo violencia. Distinción básica es la de violencia absoluta y violencia condicionada, de efectos diversos, pero en conexión con el miedo que suscita. En la generalidad de los casos se trata de actos individuales. Frente a los profesores canonistas que elaboraron la doctrina sobre la violencia, destaca el otro conjunto de autores y obras que tratan la violencia que se dio durante la conquista, guerra, colonización y esclavismo que llevaron a cabo principalmente España y Portugal en América. Su perspectiva es más social, y en general la violencia no es considerada fuera de esos hechos históricos, sino dentro de ellos. Los principales representantes de este segundo grupo fueron misioneros, involucrados en la denuncia, varios de los cuales eran canonistas.
English Abstract: The topic of violence in canon law of early modern Spanish America is located in two sets of authors and works. On the one hand, violence is treated insofar as it affects human acts, not only in the moral sphere of freedom, but also in the effects regarding the validity of acts carried out under violence. The basic distinction in this respect is that between absolute violence and conditioned violence, whose effects are diverse. In both, however, there is a connection between violence and the fear it arouses. Most of the cases discussed by this first group refer to individual acts, and professors of canon law developed the doctrine on violence. Another set of authors and works deal especially with the violence that occurred during the conquest, war, colonization and slavery carried out mainly by Spain and Portugal in America. Their perspective is a more social one, and in general the violence is not considered outside of these historical facts, but within them. The main representatives of this second group were missionaries involved in the denunciation of violence, several of whom were canonists.