On the 7th and 8th of October 2024, the Max Planck European Law Group held its Third Annual Conference funded by Max Planck Law on the theme of ‘Equality in an Unequal Europe? Assessing Anti-Discrimination Law in Context’ at the Harnack Haus in Berlin. The presentations focused on key aspects of European anti-discrimination law in both the EU and European Convention on Human Rights frameworks, offering diverse legal perspectives on contemporary challenges. Topics included the role of equality in the effectiveness of the horizontal application of EU law, structural disadvantages in international law and in national and European legal frameworks.